齊寶鑫：淺談當前形勢下的知識產權戰略面臨的主要挑戰和趨勢

#本文僅代表作者觀點，不代表IPRdaily立場#

“面對高人員流動性帶來的商業秘密泄露風險，企業可借鑒日本終身雇傭模式，通過構建長期信任關系降低泄密隱患。在技術獲取路徑上，齊寶鑫主張多元化策略，將自主研發的深度與校企合作、成果轉化的廣度相結合，以提升效率并分散風險。針對AI技術對知識產權法的沖擊，他提出應以“創意參與度”作為獨創性判定標準，同時呼吁法律框架保持開放性與適應性。此外，齊寶鑫以國產化C919客機為例，指出自主創新是突破國際技術壁壘的核心路徑；而在高風險研發管理中，他建議依托商業秘密確權機制與哈希值技術，強化核心數據保護，尤其需警惕跨國合作中的技術外溢風險?！?/b>

來源：IPRdaily中文網（iprdaily.cn）

2025年5月18日，由復旦大學管理學院、華盛頓大學麥克道爾國際學者研究院、北京大學光華管理學院、華盛頓大學奧林商學院聯合主辦的第三屆全球創新與知識產權論壇在中國上海復旦大學管理學院圓滿落幕。齊寶鑫博士代表IPR Daily作為嘉賓受邀參會，并在“商界領袖的聲音”環節分享前沿見解。

附：發言全文（雙語）

Q：您認為當今知識產權戰略面臨的主要挑戰和趨勢有哪些？

What are the key challenges and trends you see today in IP strategy？

A：基于我的工作經驗，當下知識產權戰略面臨的挑戰之一就是較高的人員流動性帶來的知識產權保護問題。這一挑戰也反映出當下知識產權戰略調整的一個趨勢就是商業秘密的重要性愈發凸顯。在一個企業中研發總監和銷售總監總是能有一份不錯的薪資待遇，因為他們通常掌握著一個企業的技術秘密和經營秘密。如何保護這些商業秘密是隨之而來的一個重要問題。日本傳統的終身雇傭制度，為商業秘密的保護提供了極具參考價值的實踐樣本。這一制度基于長期勞動合同關系，構建起企業與員工之間穩定的法律契約，員工自入職起便與企業形成貫穿職業生命周期的權利義務關系。再沒有比一個工程師東京大學畢業就進入豐田公司從事研發，一直到退休，從未進入過豐田競爭對手的公司，更能保護豐田的商業秘密了。從知識產權保護視角審視，該制度呈現出三重法律優勢：首先，員工忠誠度高，泄密風險低。長期服務于同一企業的員工更容易形成歸屬感和責任感，他們對公司機密信息的保護意識也更強，從而減少了故意泄密或“跳槽帶走技術”的風險。其次，知識流動受控，保密鏈條更穩定。相比頻繁更換工作的環境，終身雇傭減少了核心技術和商業信息在行業內的頻繁流動，保護了企業的研發成果和戰略布局。最后，企業更愿意投入培訓和信任。由于員工不會輕易離職，企業可以放心將關鍵技術、管理經驗傳授給員工，這在加強團隊能力的同時，也建立了更緊密的信任關系，從制度上降低了因信息外泄而造成的損失。這種終身雇傭制度能夠有效降低人員流動這一商業秘密泄露主要原因帶來的風險。當然，終身雇傭制并不一定完全適合國內環境，但是它提供了一個降低商業秘密泄露風險的思路，可以作為我們知識產權保護的一個重要參考。

From my work experience, one of the key challenges that IP strategies are facing is the issue of IP protection arising from high workforce mobility. This challenge also reflects an emerging trend in contemporary IP strategy adjustments - the increasing importance of trade secrets. Within enterprises, R&D Directors and Sales Directors usually can get high salaries, mainly because they have a knowledge of a company’s technical secrets and business secrets. How to protect these trade secrets has consequently become a critical issue.Japan's traditional lifetime employment system offers an instructive model for trade secret protection. This system establishes stable legal contractual relationships through long-term employment, creating career-long rights and obligations between enterprises and employees from recruitment to retirement. There is nothing more effective in protecting Toyota's trade secrets than having an engineer who, upon graduating from the University of Tokyo, joins Toyota's R&D department and stays there till retirement, without ever transitioning to any Toyota's competitors.From an IP protection perspective, this system demonstrates three legal advantages: Firstly, employee loyalty will be high, and the risk of information leakage will be low. Employees who have served the same enterprise for a long time are more likely to develop a sense of belonging and responsibility. They also have a stronger awareness of protecting the company's confidential information, thus reducing the risk of deliberate leakage of secrets or taking technologies when changing jobs. Secondly, the spread of knowledge will be controlled, and the confidentiality chain will be more stable. Compared with an environment where employees change jobs frequently, lifetime employment reduces the frequent dissemination of core technology and business information within industries, preserving R&D achievements and strategic layouts of the company. Thirdly, the company will be more willing to invest in training and place trust. Since employees are not likely to leave the company, the company can confidently impart core technologies and management experience to them. This not only strengthens the team's capabilities but also establishes a closer relationship of trust, reducing the losses caused by information leakage from an institutional perspective.This lifetime employment system can effectively reduce the risk of trade secret leakage caused by high employee turnover, which is one of the primary contributing factors. While such lifetime employment system may not fully align with domestic contexts, it provides a conceptual framework for reducing trade secret leakage risks and serves as a valuable reference for enhancing intellectual property protection.

Q：企業未來幾年成功應對挑戰的關鍵要素是什么？

What do you see as the key factors for enterprises to successfully meet the challenges in the coming years?

A：掌握核心技術是企業保持生命力的關鍵。當想到獲取技術時人們通常第一反應是通過自主研發獲取技術，我將它比喻成“自建房”。但是在“自建房”以外還有買房、租房甚至合建、合買、合租的方式。這些方式各有利弊，對于自建房來說能夠做到技術與需求達到最大匹配度，具有良好的效益；但是自建房要從地基開始、從一磚一瓦開始，周期長效率低。相反，租房模式效率高，能夠很快就獲取需要的技術，但不能保證“租期”有多久，說不定明天房東就不愿意出租房屋了。而買房模式能夠很快獲取技術而不用擔心房子會被房東收走，問題在于可能無法保證買來的房子將來不會貶值。而與他人合作，合建、合買、合租更能提高效率、降低成本，但合作方可能會帶來風險。同時不要忘記大學和科學研究所通常擁有比較多的技術，與他們合作或者向他們“租房”“買房”是個不錯的選擇。2015年修訂的促進科技成果轉化法也有效促進了與大學或者科研院所之間的合作。有人可能擔心大學或者科研院所的技術會在最后一公里上出問題，這種情況下企業在選擇合作院所時則需要提高判斷能力，必要時候委托專業人員給出專業的判斷意見。

Mastering core technologies is crucial for enterprises to maintain vitality. When it comes to acquiring technologies, people usually first think of independent research and development, which I metaphorically call "self-built house". However, besides "self-built house", there are alternative approaches like "purchasing", "renting", or even "co-building", "co-purchasing", and "co-renting". Each approach has its pros and cons.Self-built enables maximum alignment between technology and needs with good returns, but requires starting from laying foundations brick by brick, resulting in long cycles and low efficiency. In contrast, the "rental model" offers high efficiency for quick technology access, but cannot guarantee lease duration - the "landlord" might terminate the agreement at any time. The "purchase model" allows rapid technology acquisition without repossession concerns, but carries risks of technological depreciation. Collaborative approaches like co-development, joint procurement, and shared leasing can improve efficiency and reduce costs, though partners may introduce risks.Notably, universities and research institutions often possess substantial technological resources. Collaborating with them or "renting/buying" technologies from them will also be a good choice. The Law on Promoting the Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements amended in 2015 has effectively facilitated such collaborations. While some worry about potential "last mile" issues in academic technological achievements, enterprises should enhance their discernment capabilities when selecting partners, and seek professional evaluations when necessary.

Q：在此新背景下，我們是否需要重新定義對知識產權及其保護的理解？還是既有原則依然適用？

Do we need to re-think our understanding of IP and IP protection in this new context or do the same principles apply?

A：新背景下面對AI等新技術帶來的知識產權新問題，我們應當持開放的態度。我們都知道，法律具有一定的滯后性，面對新出現的AI等技術帶來的問題時，現有的知識產權法難以完全應對，我們更多的是在已有的法律上通過各種解釋方法來適應這些問題。但是我們也看到了，現有法律無法有效解決AI等技術帶來的每一個問題，我們暫時也無法完全預知AI這些技術將來的走向和將來可能帶來的問題。2023年北京互聯網法院判決的第一例AI文生圖引發了很大爭議。該案中，法院認為AI文生圖可以獲得版權法保護，圖片的創作過程體現了作者的獨創性。然而問題在于，通過向AI輸入關鍵詞進行創作，如何確定獨創性出現的界限呢？輸入十個關鍵詞、二十個關鍵詞、還是更多關鍵詞，進行一次調整、兩次調整還是更多次調整能體現出作者的獨創性呢？這些都難以得出一個明確的結論。關于這一點，在日本知識產權戰略本部的報告書中提出，當AI使用者向已訓練完成的AI模型輸入所選擇的圖像，或從大量生成的AI產出物中挑選出多個進行公開發布的情況下，如果使用者在選擇或構成等方面體現出一定的創意與工夫，其參與行為本身有可能被認定為具有創作性。但僅僅設置參數，則不能能說是創作。因此，對于AI這些新技術或許我們不需要急著訂立新的法律去給他們框出一個發展的范圍，先讓子彈飛一會，看看他們會去向何方。就像當初互聯網的誕生帶來的版權問題一樣，互聯網的出現在傳統的紙媒發表以外提供了信息網絡發表的途徑，從而帶來了信息網絡傳播權。也許在我們對AI這些新技術更熟悉一些以后能夠發現更合適他們的法律保護方式。

Under the new landscape where emerging technologies like AI pose novel intellectual property challenges, we should maintain an open mindset. As we recognize, legal frameworks inherently lag behind technological advancements. When confronting AI-related issues, existing IP laws struggle to provide comprehensive solutions, we mainly use various interpretive methods to adapt to these issues based on the existing laws. However, it's evident that current legislation cannot fully address every challenge posed by AI, nor can we entirely predict its future trajectory and associated complications.The landmark 2023 Beijing Internet Court ruling on AI-generated text-to-image works sparked significant controversy. In this case, the court recognized AI-generated images as copyrightable works, acknowledging the human creator's originality in the generation process. Nevertheless, critical questions persist: Where should we draw the line for originality in works created through keyword inputs to AI systems? Does originality emerge from inputting ten keywords versus twenty? How many iterative adjustments constitute sufficient creative input? These thresholds remain ambiguous. Regarding this matter, the Intellectual Property Strategy Headquarters of Japan stipulated in its official report: When AI users either input selected images into pre-trained AI models or curate multiple AI-generated outputs from extensive results for public release, their participatory actions may be recognized as constituting creative contributions if their selection or compositional arrangements demonstrate intentional creative input. However, mere parameter configuration would not qualify as creative authorship.Therefore, perhaps we need not rush to establish restrictive new legislation for AI technologies. Instead, we might "let the bullet fly for a while," allowing space to observe their natural evolution. Historically, the internet's emergence created new copyright dimensions beyond traditional print media, ultimately leading to the recognition of information network dissemination rights. Similarly, as we deepen our understanding of AI's capabilities and implications, we may develop more nuanced legal protections tailored to these technologies' unique characteristics. This adaptive approach enables legal frameworks to mature alongside technological progress rather than prematurely constraining innovation.

Q：面對全球創新活動布局中的相互依賴性與潛在風險，本土創新的合理邊界應如何界定？

In light of the global interdependencies and associated vulnerabilities in considering where to locate innovation activities, what is the right level of indigenous innovation?

A當下正處于中美脫鉤的國際環境，在全球技術創新活動中我們面臨著美國技術限制的問題，對于本土創新最好的做法就是加大自主研發、鼓勵自研，盡一切努力做到我們能做的。實現品牌和技術上的自主。最好的例子就是中國民航發展的ABC，從購買空客、波音的飛機到我們C919自主研發率達60%，主要核心部件已經實現自主研發，最有力地證明了自主創新是當下國際形式下的最優選擇。

Amid the current international landscape of Sino-US decoupling, where global technological innovation faces increasing American technical restrictions, the optimal approach for indigenous innovation lies in intensifying independent R&D efforts and encouraging self-developed technologies. We must exhaust all efforts to achieve brand autonomy and technological self-sufficiency. A compelling example is the evolution of China's civil aviation sector – transitioning from purchasing Airbus and Boeing aircraft to developing the C919 with a 60% localization rate, where core components now demonstrate independent R&D capabilities. This progression powerfully validates that autonomous innovation constitutes the optimal choice under current geopolitical dynamics.

Q：除專利申請外，企業在跨國/國內高風險研發過程中可采取哪些策略工具？

Besides filing for patents, what are the tools businesses can use to navigate the risky R&D processes, both within and across countries?

A：我們還可以選擇以商業秘密方式保護知識產權。在某些程度上，商業秘密在知識產權保護中比專利發揮更重要的作用，技術空殼公司所持有的發明專利并不重要，技術人員掌握的商業秘密才重要。一些公司會假借并購的名義，挖走研發負責人及其帶領的團隊，并進一步獲得了目標公司的全部的技術秘密和經營信息。通過公證購買產品，繼而進行反向工程研究，可以判斷是否侵犯技術秘密?，F在，上海技術交易所已經具備了提供商業秘密確權的服務能力。簡單來說，這項服務讓企業或者科研機構可以把一些不方便公開、也不適合申請專利的技術成果，通過一種“非公開”的方式登記下來，在技術交易、融資，或者發生法律糾紛的時候，都可以用來證明權屬。尤其對于AI這些新技術，在利用專利進行保護仍存在較大困難時可以考慮采用商業秘密的方式進行保護。比如AI模型的參數、訓練數據、核心算法這些東西，只要企業有實用價值、沒公開過，并且采取了保密措施，就可以通過確權，把它們作為商業秘密登記保護起來。在此過程中，有一個很關鍵的技術叫做哈希值。它像是一種“數字指紋”——可以幫我們給某個AI模型或生成內容生成一個獨一無二的代碼。哈希值的利用不僅提高了確權的效率和可信度，還能幫助我們在后續交易、安全共享、甚至維權時，提供強有力的技術支撐。

We may also opt for trade secret protection in intellectual property management. To certain extent, trade secrets play a more critical role than patents in technological competition - the invention patents held by patent shell companies hold little value, whereas the trade secrets mastered by technical personnel constitute the real competitive advantage. Some corporations strategically acquire R&D leadership and their teams under the guise of mergers and acquisitions, thereby obtaining the target company's complete technical know-how and operational intelligence. Through notarized product acquisition followed by reverse engineering analysis, one can effectively determine whether technical secret infringement has occurred.The Shanghai Technology Exchange has now operationalized trade secret verification services. Essentially, this initiative enables enterprises and research institutions to register non-disclosable technological achievements—those unsuitable for patent applications—through confidential filing mechanisms. Such registration serves as legally-recognized ownership evidence during technology transfers, financing activities, or legal disputes. Particularly for emerging technologies like AI where patent protection remains challenging, trade secret mechanisms present viable alternatives. Critical AI components including model parameters, training datasets, and core algorithms can be registered as protected trade secrets, provided they maintain commercial value, remain undisclosed, and implement proper confidentiality protocols.A pivotal technological enabler in this process is hash value application. Functioning as a "digital fingerprint", hash algorithms generate unique cryptographic identifiers for AI models or generated content. This technological implementation not only enhances verification efficiency and credibility but also provides robust technical support throughout subsequent transactions, secure data sharing, and rights enforcement processes.

（原標題：齊寶鑫：淺談當前形勢下的知識產權戰略面臨的主要挑戰和趨勢）

來源：IPRdaily中文網（iprdaily.cn）

編輯：IPRdaily辛夷          校對：IPRdaily縱橫君

注：原文鏈接：齊寶鑫：淺談當前形勢下的知識產權戰略面臨的主要挑戰和趨勢（點擊標題查看原文）

「關于IPRdaily」

IPRdaily是全球領先的知識產權綜合信息服務提供商，致力于連接全球知識產權與科技創新人才。匯聚了來自于中國、美國、歐洲、俄羅斯、以色列、澳大利亞、新加坡、日本、韓國等15個國家和地區的高科技公司及成長型科技企業的管理者及科技研發或知識產權負責人，還有來自政府、律師及代理事務所、研發或服務機構的全球近100萬用戶（國內70余萬+海外近30萬），2019年全年全網頁面瀏覽量已經突破過億次傳播。

（英文官網：iprdaily.com  中文官網：iprdaily.cn） 

本文來自IPRdaily中文網（iprdaily.cn）并經IPRdaily.cn中文網編輯。轉載此文章須經權利人同意，并附上出處與作者信息。文章不代表IPRdaily.cn立場，如若轉載，請注明出處：“http://www.tyccp663.com”