《歐盟標準必要專利提案》標志著歐盟以立法方式干預SEP問題治理的強規管模式[15]。本次提案性質屬于Regulation,是歐盟法律體系中最高級別的立法。具體而言,歐盟法律體系下包含不同立法級別的法律文件,包括Regulations, Directives, Decisions, Recommendations and Opinions五種。根據里斯本條約第二部分Treaty on Functioning of the EU第288條,Regulation具有普遍約束性、整體約束力、直接適用于所有歐盟成員國。Regulation自正式公布當即對歐盟全體成員國生效,可以直接適用于成員國自然人及法人,無需歐盟成員國進行實施性立法,且凌駕于任何有沖突的國內規定,并且可以作為裁判依據。
*郭婷婷,北京外國語大學法學院/北京市中倫律師事務所實習生 [1]COM(2023)232-Proposal for a REGULATION OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL on standard essential patents and amending Regulation [2]Standard Essential Patents: 2024 forward look, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/standard-essential-patents-2024-forward-look/standard-essential-patents-2024-forward-look [3]UK Innovation Strategy: leading the future by creating it, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-innovation-strategy-leading-the-future-by-creating-it/uk-innovation-strategy-leading-the-future-by-creating-it-accessible-webpage [4]5G Supply Chain Diversification Strategy, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/5g-supply-chain-diversification-strategy [5]Standard Essential Patents and Innovation: Call for views, https://www.gov.uk/government/consultations/standard-essential-patents-and-innovation-call-for-views/standard-essential-patents-and-innovation-call-for-views#fn:1 [6]SEPs questionnaire for SME, small-cap and mid-cap businesses, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/seps-questionnaire-for-sme-small-cap-and-mid-cap-businesses [7]Standard Essential Patents (SEPs) explained, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/standard-essential-patents-seps-explained [8]ibid [2]. [9]ibid. [5] [10]The EU Commission 2017 Communication 'Setting out the EU approach to Standard Essential Patents', The Commission's views were supported by Council conclusions 6681/18 [11]詳細討論參見張鵬、牟雨菲:“歐盟標準必要專利實施許可規管新動態暨對我國的啟示——以歐盟2月28日審議通過的標準必要專利規定提案為視角”,http://m.iprdaily.cn/article_36349.html 。 [12]2022年10月28日至2022年11月20日期間,歐盟委員會舉行針對初創企業和中小企業的意見調查。 [13]ibid. [1]. Title VIII Article 62.1 [14]ibid. [6] [15]ibid. [11]. [16]《解讀:美英相繼公布SEP許可政策征求意見為哪般?》載《知產財經》崔國斌教授采訪部分。 [17]仲春 李旭儀 | 歐盟《關于標準必要專利和修訂(EU)2017/1001號條例的提案》介評,載于《知產前沿》。 [18]ibid. [1]. Title II Article 3 [19]ibid. [11]. [20]ibid. [1]. Title III Chapter 3 Article 24 [21]ibid. [1]. Title VI Article 34.4 [22]Unwired Planet v Huawei [2018] EWCA Civ 2344 [23]Huawei Technologies Co Ltd and another (Appellants) v Conversant Wireless Licensing SáRL (Respondent) UKSC 2019/0041 [24]C-170/13 Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd v ZTE Corp. and ZTE Deutschland GmbH [25]Ibid. [17] [26]Peter Meyer, et al, “Enforcement of UPC decisions” https://www.juve-patent.com/sponsored/simmons-simmons-llp/enforcement-of-upc-decisions/ [27]例如,myStromer AG v Revolt Zycling AG案中,UPC在幾個小時內單方面批準了禁令,認為該禁令是合理的,部分原因是被申請人無論是在庭外還是在其提交文件中均沒有“顯著”否 [28] CHARLES (CHUCK) LARSEN & DIANA PISANI & DANIEL STERNBERG, “Evaluating Europe’s New IP Court: How the UPC is Doing So Far and What’s to Come”. https://ipwatchdog.com/2023/12/17/evaluating-europes-new-ip-court-upc-far-whats-come/id=170528/ [29]ALEC PRONK, “UKIPO’s Summary of Responses to Call for Views on SEPs Underscores Deadlock Between Innovators and Implementers” https://ipwatchdog.com/2023/07/07/ukipos-summary-responses-call-views-seps-underscores-deadlock-innovators-implementers/id=163187/ [30]例如,中國知識產權研究會、中國標準化協會也于2023年11月27日發布了團體標準《標準必要專利認定辦法》,以期為標準必要專利的認定方法和流程提供指引,也是朝著這一方向作出的探索。 [31] 在重慶市第一中級人民法院OPPO訴諾基亞標準必要專利使用費糾紛案中,人民法院明確認定,可比協議法與自上而下法兩種方法均能夠單獨確認許可費率,并不存在必然的優劣及適用先后順序。 [32]ibid. [11]